HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer
Protocol Secure
This has long been a standard way to encrypt password and financial information when sending information from a computer to a server, and it is becoming more common with social media sites like Facebook
and Twitter and Webmail services like Gmail. A URL that begins with "https://" and displays a small padlock icon designates a secured web page.
TLS/SSL
Transport Layer Security/
Secure Sockets Layer
The most common way to secure information sent over the Internet (including Web browsing and e-mail) and internal servers. HTTPS is secured by applying TLS/SSL to a Web site.
Encrypted VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol
Services like Microsoft's Skype and Apple's FaceTime allow users to make free, encrypted phone and video calls over the Internet. The documents suggest that the N.S.A. is working with some VoIP
services to obtain pre-encryption access to such messages.